Beneficiation of low volatile hydrocarbons



Patented Feb. 10, 1942 BENEFIGIATION or LOW vom'rnn nrnaoczmnous Everett0. Hughes, Cleveland Heights, Ohio, assignor to The Standard OilCompany, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio I i No Drawing.Application June 28, 19 40, Serial N0. 342,977

Claims.

This invention relates to improvement of hydrocarbons, and particularlythose which are to function as lubricants; and it is among the objectsof the invention to provide increased resistance against break-down inusage involving drastic temperature or bearing pressure conditions orboth. Other objects and advantages will appear as the descriptionproceeds.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the invention,then, comprises the features hereinafter fully described, andparticularly pointed out in the claims, the following descriptionsetting forth in detail certain illustrative embodiments of theinvention, these being indicative however, of but a few of the variousways in which the principle of the invention may be employed.

I have found that if there be incorporated with a petroleum product asmall amount of a compound containing a Man nucleus the properties arematerially changed and improved. Such added compound may also containnitrogen. Illustrative of desirable compounds are furfurin,hydrofuramide, trifurfurylamine, and for some usages the reactionproducts of furfural with amines, etc. Furfurin for example has tworeplaceable hydrogen atoms and these may be substituted by alkylation,yielding particularly desirable agents also for instance. The furancompounds may be incorporated in amounts of 0.01 to 1 per cent, or evenup to 2 per cent, although such large amount is generally unnecessary.

I have found, peculiarly, that if in addition to the furan compound,there also be incorporated a small amount of phosphorus or a sulphide ofphosphorus, as P4s3, etc., the product has properties out of proportionto the mere additive effects of the respective substances. I have foundalso that with such combinations, it is of great advantage to alsoinclude a'small amount of a soluble ethanolamine, such astriethanolamine, as for instance 0.25 per cent or somewhat less. Theamount of the phosphorus may be 0.001-0.25 per cent, and especially forexample 0.01-0.05 in lubricating oils. P403 may be used in amounts of0.001-2 per cent.

These products are outstandingly resistant against breakdown in hightemperature usage, and in lubricants for instance are found to withstandhigh temperature engine usage with remarkably small change in body orviscosity and with very little deposit. They are found also to possessvery marked extreme pressure or filmholding properties. There appears tobe a. unique relationship between the furan compounds and hydrocarbonsas distinguished from esters.

As an example: With a lubricating stock of S. A. E. 20 viscosity, ofMid-Continent source, there is incorporated 0.5 per cent of furfurin.This product subjected to test in internal combustionengine'conditionsat a standard of 300 F. and time sixty-five hours, and free exposure toair at standardized rate, showed a viscosity viscosity increase of 21,lacquer deposit 2.6, naphtha insolubles 2.4, and appearance rating Bplus.

As anotherexample: With a similar oil there is incorporated 0.25 percent of hydrofuramide, and 0.05 per cent of P483.

As another example: With a similar oil there is incorporated 0.5 percentof trifurfurylamine.

As another example: With a similar oil there is incorporated 0.5 percent of furfurin, 0.05 per cent of P453, and 0.25 per cent ofethanolamine.

Other modes of applying the principle of the invention may be employed,change being made as regards the details described, provided thefeatures stated in any of the following claims, or the equivalent ofsuch, be employed.

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention:

1. A lubricant comprising a hydrocarbon oil of lubricating viscosity anda small amount of furfurin, a small amount of an agent from the groupconsisting of phosphorus and phosphorus sulphides, and a small amount ofa soluble ethanolamine.

2. A lubricant comprising a hydrocarbon oil of lubricating viscosity anda small amount of a compound containing the furan nucleus and nitrogen,a small amount of an agent from the group consisting of phosphorus andphosphorus sulphides, and a small amount of a soluble ethanolamine.

3. A lubricant comprising a hydrocarbon oil of lubricating viscosityanda small amount of a compound containing the furan nucleus andnitrogen, and a, small amount of an agent from phorus sulphides.

4. A lubricant comprising a hydrocarbon oil o1- lubricating viscosityand a small amount of trifurfurylamine, and a small amount of an agentfrom the group consisting of phosphorus and phosphorus sulphides. A v r.

5. A lubricant comprising a hydrocarbon oil of lubricating viscosity anda small amount of hydrofuramide, and a small amount of an agent from thegroup consisting of phosphorus and I phosphorus sulphides.

6. A lubricant comprising a, hydrocarbon oil of lubricating viscosityand a smallv amount. of

furfurin, and a small amount of an agent from the group consisting ofphosphorus and pho's phorus sulphides. l

the group consisting of phosphorus and phos '7. A lubricant comprising ahydrocarbon oil 01' lubricating viscosity and a small amount oi acompound containing the furan nucleus and nitrogen.

'8. A lubricant comprising a hydrocarbon oil of lubricatingviscosity anda small amount of. trifurfurylamine.

9. A lubricant comprising a hydrocarbon oil a of lubricatingviscosityand a small amount of hydrofuramide.

10. A lubricant comprising a hydrocarbon oil of'lubricating viscosityand a small amount ot furfurin.

' EVERETT C. HUGHES.

